Of course! "Python text tkinter" is a great starting point for building graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in Python. Let's break it down into a comprehensive guide, from the basics to more advanced text manipulation.

The Absolute Basics: Tk and Toplevel

First, you need to understand the two main windows you can create.

• tk.Tk(): This creates the main application window. Your application should have only one Tk instance. It's the root of your GUI.
• tk.Toplevel(): This creates a secondary window. You can create as many of these as you need. They are often used for dialogs, pop-ups, or additional content windows.

Example: Creating a main window and a secondary window.

import tkinter as tk
# --- Main Application Window ---
root = tk.Tk()"Main Window")
root.geometry("300x200") # Set size (width x height)
# --- Secondary Window ---
top = tk.Toplevel(root)"Secondary Window")
top.geometry("250x150")
# Add a label to the main window
main_label = tk.Label(root, text="This is the main window.")
main_label.pack(pady=20)
# Add a label to the secondary window
top_label = tk.Label(top, text="This is a Toplevel window.")
top_label.pack(pady=20)
# Start the event loop
root.mainloop()

Displaying Text with Label and Message

The simplest way to display read-only text is with the Label widget. For longer blocks of text that might need wrapping, the Message widget is a good choice (though Label with wraplength is more common now).

Key Options for Labels:

• text: The string to display.
• font: A tuple specifying the font family, size, and style (e.g., ("Helvetica", 14, "bold")).
• fg (foreground): The color of the text.
• bg (background): The color of the widget's background.
• wraplength: The number of characters at which to wrap the text.

import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()"Text Display Example")
# A simple label
label1 = tk.Label(root, text="Hello, Tkinter!", font=("Arial", 24))
label1.pack(pady=10)
# A label with styling and wrapping
label2 = tk.Label(
    root,
    text="This is a longer piece of text that will wrap automatically when it reaches the edge of the widget, thanks to the wraplength option.",
    font=("Courier", 10),
    fg="blue",
    bg="lightgray",
    wraplength=250,
    justify="left" # or "center" or "right"
)
label2.pack(pady=10, padx=20, fill="x")
root.mainloop()

Creating Editable Text with Text Widget

This is the core of "text" in Tkinter. The Text widget is a powerful component for creating anything from simple text boxes to full-fledged document editors.

Basic Text Widget

import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()"Text Widget Demo")
# Create a Text widget
text_widget = tk.Text(root, height=10, width=40, wrap="word")
text_widget.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
# Insert text at a specific position (line 1, character 0)
text_widget.insert("1.0", "Welcome to the Text widget!\n\n")
text_widget.insert("end", "You can type here. This text is added to the end.")
# To prevent the user from deleting the initial text, you can "mark" it
text_widget.mark_set("insert", "1.0") # Move cursor to the start
text_widget.mark_grab("insert") # Make it un-deletable (more advanced use)
root.mainloop()

Key Concepts for the Text Widget:

• Indexing: Text in a Text widget is addressed using a special "line.column" format.

  • "1.0": The first character of the first line.
  • "end": A special index for the end of the text.
  • "insert": A special index for the current cursor position.
  • "current": The character closest to the mouse pointer.

• Inserting Text:

  • text_widget.insert(index, text): Inserts text at the given index.

• Deleting Text:

  
  （图片来源网络，侵删）
  • text_widget.delete(start_index, end_index): Deletes text from start_index to end_index.
  • text_widget.delete("1.0", "1.10"): Deletes the first 10 characters of the first line.
  • text_widget.delete("1.0", "end"): Deletes all text.

• Getting Text:

  • content = text_widget.get("1.0", "end-1c"): Gets all the text. The -1c is important to get rid of the final newline character that Tkinter adds.

Formatting Text in a Text Widget

This is where Text becomes incredibly powerful. You can apply different formatting (tags) to ranges of text.

The Process:

1. Define a tag with specific styles (font, color, etc.).
2. Apply that tag to a range of text.

import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()"Formatted Text")
text = tk.Text(root, height=10, width=40, wrap="word")
text.pack(padx=10, pady=10)
# --- 1. Define Tags ---
text.tag_config("title", font=("Helvetica", 16, "bold"), foreground="darkblue")
text.tag_config("error", font=("Courier", 12), foreground="red", background="yellow")
text.tag_config("code", font=("Courier", 10), background="#f0f0f0")
# --- 2. Insert and Apply Tags ---
text.insert("1.0", "This is a Title\n\n")
text.tag_add("title", "1.0", "1.11") # Apply "title" tag from line 1, char 0 to line 1, char 11
text.insert("end", "This is a normal sentence.\n")
text.insert("end", "This is an error message.\n")
text.tag_add("error", "4.5", "4.23") # Apply "error" tag to "error message"
text.insert("end", "\nHere is some code:\nprint('Hello, world!')")
text.tag_add("code", "6.0", "end")
# Make the text widget read-only after formatting
text.config(state="disabled")
root.mainloop()

Scrolling Text with Scrollbar

The Text widget doesn't have scrollbars built-in. You must create them and link them manually.

import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()"Scrollable Text")
# Create a Text widget
text = tk.Text(root, height=15, width=50, wrap="word")
text.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
# Create a Scrollbar
scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(root, command=text.yview)
scrollbar.pack(side="right", fill="y")
# Link the Text widget to the Scrollbar
text.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
# Add some long text to demonstrate scrolling
for i in range(1, 50):
    text.insert("end", f"This is line number {i} of our scrollable text widget.\n")
root.mainloop()

Practical Example: A Simple Note-Taking App

Let's combine these concepts into a small, functional application.

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox
def save_file():
    """Saves the content of the text widget to a file."""
    file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(
        defaultextension=".txt",
        filetypes=[("Text files", "*.txt"), ("All files", "*.*")],
    )
    if file_path:
        try:
            with open(file_path, "w") as f:
                # Get all text from the widget, excluding the last newline
                content = text_box.get("1.0", "end-1c")
                f.write(content)
            root.title(f"Simple Notes - {file_path}")
        except Exception as e:
            messagebox.showerror("Error", f"Failed to save file: {e}")
def new_file():
    """Clears the text widget."""
    text_box.delete("1.0", "end")
    root.title("Simple Notes - Untitled")
# --- Main Application ---
root = tk.Tk()"Simple Notes - Untitled")
root.geometry("600x500")
# --- Menu Bar ---
menu_bar = tk.Menu(root)
root.config(menu=menu_bar)
# File Menu
file_menu = tk.Menu(menu_bar, tearoff=0)
menu_bar.add_cascade(label="File", menu=file_menu)
file_menu.add_command(label="New", command=new_file)
file_menu.add_command(label="Open...", command=save_file) # For simplicity, using save for open
file_menu.add_separator()
file_menu.add_command(label="Save", command=save_file)
file_menu.add_command(label="Exit", command=root.quit)
# --- Text Area with Scrollbar ---
text_box = tk.Text(root, wrap="word")
text_box.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
scrollbar = tk.Scrollbar(root, command=text_box.yview)
scrollbar.pack(side="right", fill="y")
text_box.config(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
# Start the event loop
root.mainloop()

This guide covers the fundamentals of working with text in Tkinter. From here, you can explore more advanced topics like embedding images in a Text widget, using Text for syntax highlighting, or creating complex forms.